Who famously demanded the King's government recognize the rights of all citizens, including taxes without representation?

The correct choice is Patrick Henry, who was an influential figure in the lead-up to the American Revolution. Patrick Henry is well-known for his passionate speeches advocating for colonial rights and against British taxation policies that he deemed unjust, especially the idea of "taxation without representation." His most famous speech, delivered at the Virginia Convention in 1775, included the famous line "Give me liberty, or give me death!" which encapsulated his call for action against British rule and highlighted the urgency of the colonists' demands for their rights and representation.

While Thomas Jefferson played a key role in articulating the colonies' grievances, particularly in the Declaration of Independence, it was Henry's oratory that galvanized support for standing up against British oppression. James Otis also contributed significantly to the revolutionary discourse, particularly in arguing against writs of assistance, but Henry's demands were more straightforwardly associated with the broader struggle for recognition of rights in the face of oppressive taxation.

George III, as the monarch, was the face of the British government that colonists were challenging, rather than someone who would advocate for the rights of colonists.