Which treaty recognized America as an independent nation after the Revolutionary War?

The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1783, formally ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized the United States as an independent nation. This treaty was crucial as it not only acknowledged the sovereignty of the United States but also established its borders and set the stage for future diplomatic relations. The agreement resulted from negotiations between American representatives and British officials and marked a significant milestone in the quest for independence, affirming the United States as a distinct entity separate from British control.

In contrast, other treaties listed do not pertain to American independence: the Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 without addressing issues of independence; the Treaty of Versailles, primarily associated with World War I, addressed different geopolitical concerns; and the Treaty of Utrecht was related to the War of the Spanish Succession and had no bearing on American independence. Thus, the Treaty of Paris is the only treaty listed that recognized the United States as an independent nation.