Which concept aligns with the idea that human affairs are governed by natural laws?

The concept that aligns with the idea that human affairs are governed by natural laws is Deism. Deism is a philosophical belief that emerged during the Enlightenment, suggesting that reason and observation of the natural world can lead to understanding the universe and the role of a creator or higher power. Deists maintain that while a creator established natural laws, this being does not intervene in human affairs or violate those laws. This belief emphasizes that the world operates according to rational principles that can be understood through human reasoning.

Understanding Deism provides insights into how Enlightenment thinkers viewed the relationship between humanity and the universe, emphasizing rational thought over revelation or tradition. In contrast, Rationalism is primarily focused on the role of reason itself as the primary source of knowledge; Empiricism involves knowledge gained through sensory experience; and Romanticism emphasizes emotion, nature, and individual experience rather than rigid adherence to logical structures. Each of these concepts differs significantly from the Deist view of governing human affairs by natural laws.