Which assembly took place in 1775 and was marked by debates over independence versus reconciliation?

The assembly that took place in 1775, characterized by debates over independence versus reconciliation with Britain, is the Second Continental Congress. This gathering followed the First Continental Congress and emerged amid escalating tensions and conflict, particularly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775. The delegates were faced with the critical decision of whether to seek reconciliation with the British Crown or pursue full independence.

During this congress, discussions intensified over the colonies' relationship with Britain, leading to the eventual decision to create the Continental Army and appoint George Washington as its commander. Debates were passionate and highlighted the growing divide among the delegates, with some advocating for a continued relationship with Britain while others pushed for complete independence. This set the stage for the Declaration of Independence, which was adopted two years later.

The First Continental Congress, held in 1774, focused more on addressing grievances against British policies and did not yet involve discussions of outright independence. The Continental Association was a result of the First Continental Congress, aimed at enforcing boycotts against British goods. The Colonial Union Congress is not a recognized assembly from this period. Therefore, the Second Continental Congress is the correct answer, reflecting a pivotal moment in the path towards American independence.