What was established by the Senate in terms of state representation?

The correct answer reflects the principle established by the United States Constitution concerning the Senate's composition. Each state is allocated an equal representation of two senators, regardless of its population size. This was a crucial compromise made during the Constitutional Convention in 1787, addressing concerns of smaller states that feared they would be overpowered by larger states in the legislative process.

In contrast to the representation in the House of Representatives, where states are represented based on population, the Senate was designed to ensure that all states—big and small—have an equal voice in one chamber of Congress. This structure contributes to the balance of power between states and prevents larger states from dominating legislative decisions.

The other options do not accurately reflect the Senate's representation structure. Varying representation based on population pertains to the House, not the Senate. Only larger states having representatives misrepresents the equal representation principle, and the notion that states with more land had more votes is inconsistent with the established system, as land area does not factor into Senate representation.