What was adopted on July 4, 1776, declaring the colonies' independence?

The Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776, is a significant historical document that formally declared the thirteen American colonies' separation from British rule. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, it articulates the colonies’ grievances against King George III and outlines the philosophical justification for seeking independence. The declaration famously asserts that all men are created equal and are endowed with unalienable rights such as "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

This document not only served as a declaration of independence but also as a rallying point for the colonies, uniting them in their struggle against British oppression. It marked a pivotal moment in American history, laying the foundation for the principles that would guide the new nation and ultimately inspire democratic movements worldwide.

The other options relate to earlier efforts and documents concerning colonial grievances and governance. The Olive Branch Petition aimed at reconciling with the British Crown, the Declaration of Rights and Grievances outlined colonial opposition to certain British policies before independence was declared, and the First Continental Congress Resolution addressed the colonies' responses to British actions but did not declare independence. Thus, the Declaration of Independence stands out as the definitive announcement of the colonies' intent to break free from British authority.