What philosophy emphasizes reason, science, and respect for humanity?

Rationalism is the philosophy that emphasizes reason as the primary source of knowledge and understanding. It emerged during the Enlightenment period, when thinkers advocated for the application of reason and scientific inquiry to uncover truths about the world and humanity. Rationalists believe that through logical deduction and critical thinking, individuals can understand complex ideas and make informed decisions. This philosophy places a strong emphasis on the use of reason and scientific methodologies, promoting the idea that humanity can progress and improve society through knowledge and reasoned thought.

The other options do not fully encapsulate the emphasis on reason and science in relation to humanity in the same way that rationalism does. Deism, for example, focuses on the existence of a creator based on reason but does not engage as deeply with humanity's potential for improvement through reason. Utilitarianism is more about maximizing happiness for the greatest number but does not specifically emphasize the role of reason or science in shaping human respect or improvement. Empiricism, while it involves observation and experience as sources of knowledge, does not inherently focus on the role of reason or the respect for humanity in the way rationalism does.