What does the phrase "checks and balances" mean in the context of the U.S. government?

The phrase "checks and balances" refers to a fundamental principle in the U.S. government designed to ensure that no single branch becomes too powerful. This system distributes governmental authority among the three branches—executive, legislative, and judicial—each of which has its own defined powers and responsibilities. Importantly, each branch has the ability to limit the powers of the others, preventing any one branch from overstepping its boundaries and maintaining a balance of power.

For example, the legislative branch has the power to create laws, but the executive branch can veto those laws. The judicial branch can review laws and actions taken by the executive, ensuring they adhere to the Constitution. This interdependence and reciprocal oversight help maintain democratic governance and protect against tyranny.

This concept is foundational to the Constitution, as it establishes a system where cooperation and accountability among branches are necessary for effective governance, thereby promoting liberty and justice within the framework of federal power.