What document, primarily drafted by Madison, includes the first ten amendments protecting against government abuses?

The Bill of Rights, primarily drafted by James Madison, is the correct answer because it comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments were created to address concerns about governmental overreach and to safeguard individual liberties and rights.

The Bill of Rights functions as a crucial mechanism for protecting citizens against potential abuses by the federal government, ensuring fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to a fair trial. This document reflects the early American commitment to civil liberties following the adoption of the Constitution in 1788, which some critics felt lacked protections for individuals.

The other documents, such as the Constitution itself, are foundational but contain the framework of government rather than explicit protections against abuse. The Articles of Confederation, which preceded the Constitution, had significant weaknesses and did not include any bill of rights. Lastly, the Declaration of Independence articulates the colonies' grievances against King George III and emphasizes the principles of individual rights but does not serve as a legal document establishing rights within the government structure.