How are representatives in the House of Representatives determined?

Representatives in the House of Representatives are determined according to the size of each state's population. This method of allocation is established by the Constitution and is intended to ensure that representation reflects the demographics of the United States. Specifically, following the census, which takes place every ten years, congressional seats are apportioned among the states based on their population figures. States with larger populations receive more representatives, while those with smaller populations receive fewer. This principle of proportional representation helps to balance the interests of different states and ensures that constituents are represented in the legislative process relative to their numbers.

Other options refer to different approaches to representation that do not apply to the House. Equal representation (the first choice) is associated with the Senate, where each state has two senators regardless of population. Historical representation (the third choice) does not accurately reflect the current system, as representation is not based on historical precedent but on current population. Lastly, the idea of popular vote for the entire nation (the fourth choice) contradicts the federal system in place, where representatives are elected based on local and state populations.